Photo: Gustav Hille [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons. DOWNLOAD BIOGRAPHY'S ADOLF HITLER FACT CARD. Hitler used his position as chancellor to form a de facto legal dictatorship. In a meeting with the Prime Minister of Bavaria Heinrich Held on 4 January 1925, Hitler agreed to respect the state's authority and promised that he would seek political power only through the democratic process. [379][380][381] Speer states that Hitler railed against the church to his political associates and though he never officially left it, he had no attachment to it. He led Germany in an aggressive war of conquest invading Western Europe and then the Soviet Union. The impact in Germany was dire: millions were thrown out of work and several major banks collapsed. Hitler also engineered the passage of the Enabling Act, which gave his cabinet full legislative powers for a period of four years and allowed for deviations from the constitution. [325], Berlin surrendered on 2 May. [174], By the end of June, the other parties had been intimidated into disbanding. His father, Alois Hitler, was the illegitimate son of a woman named Schicklgruber, and before Adolf’s birth, he changed his name to Hitler. The principle relied on absolute obedience of all subordinates to their superiors; thus he viewed the government structure as a pyramid, with himself—the infallible leader—at the apex. [27], Alois had made a successful career in the customs bureau and wanted his son to follow in his footsteps. [144], Although Hitler had terminated his Austrian citizenship in 1925, he did not acquire German citizenship for almost seven years. The Secret Life of Adolf Hitler. [70] On a recommendation by Lieutenant Hugo Gutmann, Hitler's Jewish superior, he received the Iron Cross, First Class on 4 August 1918, a decoration rarely awarded to one of Hitler's Gefreiter rank. [415] Speer linked this use of amphetamine to Hitler's increasingly erratic behaviour and inflexible decision making (for example, rarely allowing military retreats). Historian and biographer Ian Kershaw describes Hitler as "the embodiment of modern political evil". [273], On 27 September 1940, the Tripartite Pact was signed in Berlin by Saburō Kurusu of Imperial Japan, Hitler, and Italian foreign minister Ciano,[274] and later expanded to include Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria, thus yielding the Axis powers. [302] Minister for Armaments Albert Speer was entrusted with executing this scorched earth policy, but he secretly disobeyed the order. These laws could (with certain exceptions) deviate from the constitution. [171], Having achieved full control over the legislative and executive branches of government, Hitler and his allies began to suppress the remaining opposition. In 1921, Hitler replaced Drexler as the Nazi party chairman. [76] While there, Hitler learned of Germany's defeat, and—by his own account—upon receiving this news, he suffered a second bout of blindness. [137] The Nazi Party rose from obscurity to win 18.3 per cent of the vote and 107 parliamentary seats in the 1930 election, becoming the second-largest party in parliament. [204][205] The Anglo-German Naval Agreement (AGNA) of 18 June allowed German tonnage to increase to 35 per cent of that of the British navy. In response, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. [426] According to historian John Toland, Nazism "burst like a bubble" without its leader. Hitler used the campaign slogan "Hitler über Deutschland" ("Hitler over Germany"), a reference to his political ambitions and his campaigning by aircraft. [336] The goal was to implement this plan after the conquest of the Soviet Union, but when this failed, Hitler moved the plans forward. [257][258], On 1 September 1939, Germany invaded western Poland under the pretext of having been denied claims to the Free City of Danzig and the right to extraterritorial roads across the Polish Corridor, which Germany had ceded under the Versailles Treaty. [152], The absence of an effective government prompted two influential politicians, Franz von Papen and Alfred Hugenberg, along with several other industrialists and businessmen, to write a letter to Hindenburg. Peter Morley, a British reporter who contacted Paula showed his interest in Adolf Hitler’s life. [129] In response, Hitler formally renounced his Austrian citizenship on 7 April 1925. The Soviets had driven the German army back into Western Europe, their Red Army had surrounded Berlin and the Allies were advancing into Germany from the west. [193] Hitler oversaw one of the largest infrastructure improvement campaigns in German history, leading to the construction of dams, autobahns, railroads, and other civil works. The Reichstag renewed the Enabling Act twice, each time for a four-year period. [315][316] He ordered Himmler's arrest and had Hermann Fegelein (Himmler's SS representative at Hitler's HQ in Berlin) shot. German Adolf Hitler was one of the greatest leaders the world has ever seen. [88][89], Around this time, Hitler made his earliest known recorded statement about the Jews in a letter (now known as the Gemlich letter) dated 16 September 1919 to Adolf Gemlich about the Jewish question. ", to which Hitler replied, "als Partisanen auszurotten" ("exterminate them as partisans"). [139] The prosecution argued that the Nazi Party was an extremist party, prompting defence lawyer Hans Frank to call on Hitler to testify. Almost two months in prison 1938, Hitler took a dose of cyanide and then shot himself in the coup!, F. Weber range of Munich of six children born to Alois Hitler ( 1837–1903 ), was from! 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